Guardians of Heritage

20/06/2024 · by Dr Iain Stuart

Inspired by International Archives Day, Artefact’s Dr Iain Stuart tips his hat to archival institutions and manuscript repositories – the guardians of our heritage.

Photo by Nana Smirnova.

Paper and Dust

Unexpectedly International Archives Day (June 9) has come and gone.

The day is the culmination of the International Archives Week (3-9th June) which I am sure everyone except me and the National Archives of Australia consultative committee, who failed to mention it at a recent meeting, was well aware off.

I am sure plenty of old papers and clouds of dust were raised to cheer on the hard work of the archives in 2024.

"I get slightly obsessive about working in archives because you don't know what you're going to find. In fact, you don't know what you're looking for until you find it.”

Antony Beevor, Military Historian

Archives are the documentary by-product of human activity retained for their long-term value.

They come in a variety of formats including text, photographs, video, and sound. Archives may be stored in analogue or digital formats. Archives are held by individuals and institutions (both public and private) around the world, with the buildings housing them often sharing the name of ‘archives’.

Archives are curated by archivists who have the skillsets required to collect manage and provide long-term access to archives and records.

"Archives are the documentary by-product of human activity."


Image: National Archives of Australia National Preservation Facility. Photograph by John Gollings, 2017. 

Evidence of the Past

On first glance, archives and Artefact would seem to be in different worlds. In fact, much of the professional life of a heritage professional, not least of all mine, revolves around the use of archives. We access them to undertake historical research and we create them through our work practices.

Archaeology is nothing if not creating records of the archaeological remains we study. Archaeology is a necessarily destructive process, making the documentary archive generated during excavation all the more important. We archaeologists create record using pens and pencils, cameras, surveying instruments, film, video and things like photogrammetric models.

In addition, there are databases and catalogues as well as physical evidence, at least those artefacts we can collect. These records form a site archive and are most often the only evidence of a past that may have been obliterated by progress.


Image: 'Girls Swinging', original black and white negative by John Vachon. May 1940. 

The paydirt of history

Historians of course use the archives to find out what happened in the past – the good, the bad and the shameful.

These insights often form the basis of Artefacts’ assessments of heritage significance and our Connecting with Country work. Artefact’s Stephen Gapps is well known for his historical work on the frontier wars using a wide variety of archival records as well as talking to Aboriginal communities.

"Archives are the paydirt of history. Everything else is opinion. At a certain point you actually need documents."

Germaine Greer, University of Melbourne 2013



Image: Photo by Tamara Gak

Finding gems

My own more modest work has mostly been in the areas of researching land titles, maps and plans to help understand how an area of land was used and changed over time.

It is an exciting experience to find a gem in files and bound volumes. Last year I was able to visit the National Archives and look at files relating to the World War II buildings constructed at White Bay and discovered that they took pictures of them!

At the same time, as a researcher, it is important to be systematic and document not only what you found, but also the context in which you found the item. For me this is the greatest challenge in doing research.

So let us remember the importance and role of archives in their diverse forms and their role in curating a record of our history.



Image: Mobile shelving inside the National Archives of Australia Preservation Facility. Photo by John Gollings, 2017. 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr Iain Stuart

Iain is a Principal in Artefact's Historical Archaeology Team, specialising in Industrial Heritage. 

He works as an Excavation Director on historical sites as well as offering historical research, general heritage management and mentoring of Artefact staff.

Iain is currently President - Royal Australian Historical Society and his a serving Board Member of the International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage

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HOLIDAY CLOSE
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